Shandisa chinongedzo chiri pazasi kugovera yakazara chinyorwa chinyorwa chechinyorwa ichi neshamwari dzako uye vaunoshanda navo.Dzidza zvimwe.
Ongorora mamiriro asina chokwadi uye anofurira evarwere veCCIDID-19 muzvipatara zvekugara.
Muna Kukadzi 2020, varwere gumi nevaviri veCCIDID-19 vakapinzwa muchipatara chekugara muWuhan City, Hubei Province vakanyoreswa muboka vachishandisa sampling zviri nyore.Shanduro yeChinese yeMishel Disease Uncertainty Scale (MUIS) yakashandiswa kuongorora kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere chemurwere, uye kuongororwa kwekudzokorora kwakawanda kwakashandiswa kuongorora maitiro ayo.
Avhareji yezvikamu zveMUIS (Chinese version) ndeye 52.22±12.51, zvichiratidza kuti chirwere chekushaya chokwadi chiri pamwero wepakati.Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti avhareji chibodzwa chekusafungidzirika ndicho chepamusoro: 2.88 ± 0.90.Multiple stepwise regression analysis yakaratidza kuti vakadzi (t = 2.462, p = .015) vane mari yemhuri pamwedzi isingasviki RMB 10,000 (t = -2.095, p = .039), uye nguva yekurwara ndeye ≥ 28 mazuva ( t = 2.249, p =. 027) chinhu chakazvimirira chinokonzera kusagadzikana kwechirwere.
Varwere vane COVID-19 vari pachiyero chepakati chekusagadzikana kwechirwere.Vashandi vezvokurapa vanofanira kubhadhara zvakanyanya kuvarwere vechikadzi, varwere vane mari shoma yemhuri pamwedzi, uye varwere vane chirwere chakareba, uye kutora matanho akanangwa ekupindira kuti avabatsire kuderedza kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere chavo.
Takatarisana nechirwere chitsva uye chisingazivikanwe, varwere vakawanikwa vaine COVID-19 vari pasi pekunetsekana kwakanyanya kwemuviri uye kwepfungwa, uye kusavimbika kwechirwere ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekushushikana kunotambudza varwere.Chidzidzo ichi chakaongorora chirwere chekusagadzikana kwevarwere veCCIDID-19 muzvipatara zvekugara, uye mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza mwero wepakati.Mhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichi ichabatsira vanamukoti, vagadziri vemitemo yeveruzhinji uye vaongorori venguva yemberi mune chero nharaunda inopa kutarisirwa kwevarwere veCCIDID-19.
Pakupera kwa2019, iyo 2019 Coronavirus Chirwere (COVID-19) yakatanga muWuhan, Hubei Province, China, ikava dambudziko guru rehutano hweveruzhinji muChina nepasirese (Huang et al., 2020).Sangano reWorld Health Organisation (WHO) rinozvinyora sehutano hweveruzhinji hwekunetsekana nedzimwe nyika (PHEIC).Kuti vadzikise kupararira kwehutachiona, Wuhan COVID-19 Prevention and Control Command Center yakafunga kuvaka zvipatara zvakawanda zvekugara zvekurapa varwere vane zvirwere zvinyoro.Takatarisana nechirwere chitsva uye chisingazivikanwe chinotapukira, varwere vakawanikwa vaine COVID-19 vanotambura zvakanyanya mumuviri uye zvakanyanya kunetseka mupfungwa (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).Kusavimbika kwechirwere ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekushushikana mupfungwa kunotambudza varwere.Sezvinotsanangurwa, izvi zvinoitika kana murwere atadza kutonga zviitiko zvine chekuita nechirwere uye ramangwana ravo, uye zvinogona kuitika pamatanho ese echirwere (semuenzaniso, Padanho rekuongororwa,… padanho rekurapwa, kana pasina chirwere. kupona) (Mishel et al., 2018).Kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere kune chokuita nemigumisiro yakaipa yemagariro evanhu, uye kuderera kwehutano-hune hutano hwehupenyu uye zviratidzo zvakanyanya zvemuviri (Kim et al., 2020; Parker et al., 2016; Szulczewski et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2015).Chidzidzo ichi chine chinangwa chekuongorora mamiriro azvino uye zvinopesvedzera zvinhu zvekusavimbika kwechirwere muvarwere vane COVID-19, uye nekupa hwaro hwezvidzidzo zvekupindira mune ramangwana.
COVID-19 chirwere chitsva cherudzi B chinotapuriranwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemadonhwe ekufema uye kubata pedyo.Idenda rakaipisisa rehutachiona muzana ramakore re21 uye rine simba risati ramboitika pasi rose pahutano hwepfungwa hwevanhu.Kubva pakatanga kubuda kweCCIDID-19 muWuhan City, Hubei Province mukupera kwa2019, nyaya dzakaonekwa munyika mazana maviri nenhatu nematunhu.Musi waKurume 11, 2020, WHO yakazivisa denda iri denda repasi rose (Xiong et al., 2020).Sezvo denda reCOVIC-19 richipararira nekuenderera mberi, matambudziko epfungwa anotevera atowedzera kukosha zvirevo.Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuti COVID-19 denda rine hukama nehupamhi hwekushungurudzika kwepfungwa.Mukutarisana nedenda, vanhu vazhinji, kunyanya varwere veCCIDID-19, vanozove nenhevedzano yekusagadzikana kwemanzwiro sekushushikana uye kutya (Le, Dang, et al., 2020; Tee ML et al., 2020; Wang, Chudzicka -Czupała Et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).Iyo pathogenesis, incubation nguva, uye kurapwa kweCCIDID-19 zvichiri munhanho yekuongorora, uye pachine nyaya dzakawanda dzinofanirwa kujekeswa maererano nekuongorora, kurapwa uye cognition yesainzi.Kubuda uye kuenderera mberi kwedenda kwaita kuti vanhu vanzwe vasina chokwadi uye vasingadzoreki nezvechirwere ichi.Kana aonekwa, murwere haazive kuti kune marapirwo anoshanda here, anogona kurapwa here, mashandisiro aangaita nguva yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye kuti zvichava nemigumisiro yakaita sei paari nemhuri dzavo.Kusavimbika kwehurwere kunoita kuti munhu agare achishushikana uye kuburitsa kusagadzikana, kushushikana uye kutya (Hao F et al., 2020).
Muna 1981, Mishel akatsanangura kusagadzikana kwechirwere uye akachiunza mumunda wehukoti.Kana munhu wacho asina kukwanisa kutonga zviitiko zvine chokuita nechirwere uye chirwere chinokonzera zviitiko zvinokurudzira zvine chokuita, munhu wacho haakwanisi kuita mitongo inowirirana pamusoro pekuumbwa uye zvinoreva zviitiko zvekukurudzira, uye pfungwa yekusava nechokwadi kwechirwere ichaitika.Kana murwere asingakwanisi kushandisa ruzivo rwake rwezvidzidzo, rubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu, kana ukama nemupi wehutano kuti awane ruzivo uye ruzivo rwaanoda, kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere kunowedzera.Apo kurwadziwa, kuneta, kana zviitiko zvine chokuita nezvinodhaka zvikaitika, kushayikwa kwemashoko kuchawedzera, uye kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere kuchawedzerawo.Panguva imwecheteyo, kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere chepamusoro kwakabatana nekuderera kwekugona kugadzirisa ruzivo rutsva, kufanotaura mhedzisiro, uye kugadzirisa kuongororwa (Mishel et al., 2018; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018).
Kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere kwakashandiswa muzvidzidzo zvevarwere vane zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvisingaperi, uye nhamba huru yemigumisiro inoratidza kuti iyi yekuziva kuongorora kwechirwere kune chokuita nemigumisiro yakasiyana-siyana yakaipa yevarwere.Kunyanya, kushungurudzika kwemafungiro kunobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwehurwere husina chokwadi (Mullins et al., 2017);kusagadzikana kwechirwere ndiko kufanotaura kwekuora mwoyo (Zhang et al., 2018);uyezve, kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere kunoonekwa pamwe chete Icho chiitiko chakashata (Hoth et al., 2015; Parker et al., 2016; Sharkey et al., 2018) uye inofungidzirwa kuti ine hukama nemhedzisiro yakaipa yepfungwa senge kushushikana mupfungwa, kushushikana, kana kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (Kim et al. Vanhu, 2020; Szulczewski et al., 2017).Izvo hazvipindire chete kugona kwevarwere kutsvaga ruzivo rwechirwere, nekudaro zvichitadzisa sarudzo yavo yekurapa uye hutano (Moreland & Santacroce, 2018), asi zvakare inoderedza hupenyu hune chekuita nehutano hwemurwere, uye zvakatonyanya kukomba zviratidzo zvemuviri (Guan et. al. Vanhu, 2020; Varner et al., 2019).
Tichifunga nezveizvi zvakaipa zvinokonzerwa nekusava nechokwadi kwechirwere, vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vakatanga kubhadhara kusava nechokwadi kwehutano hwevarwere vane zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye vanoedza kutsvaga nzira dzekuderedza zvakanyanya kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere.Dzidziso yaMishel inotsanangura kuti kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere kunokonzerwa nezviratidzo zvechirwere zvisina kujeka, kurapwa kwakaoma uye kutarisirwa, kushayikwa kwemashoko ane chokuita nekuongororwa uye kuoma kwechirwere, uye chirwere chisingatarisirwi uye kufungidzira.Zvinokanganiswawo neruzivo rwevarwere uye nerutsigiro rwemagariro.Zvidzidzo zvakawana kuti maonero ekusava nechokwadi kwechirwere anokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda.Zera, dzinza, pfungwa yetsika, mamiriro edzidzo, mamiriro ehupfumi, maitiro echirwere, uye kana chirwere ichi chakaomeswa nezvimwe zvirwere kana zviratidzo muhuwandu hwevanhu uye data yekiriniki yevarwere inoongororwa sezvikonzero zvinokanganisa maonero echirwere kusagadzikana. .Zvidzidzo zvakawanda (Parker et al., 2016).
Ongorora mamiriro asina chokwadi uye anofurira evarwere veCCIDID-19 muzvipatara zvekugara.
Chidzidzo chemuchinjiko chakaitwa muchipatara chekugara, chinofukidza nzvimbo ye1385 square metres, yakakamurwa kuita wadhi nhatu, ine yakazara mibhedha mazana matanhatu nemakumi manomwe nesere.
Vachishandisa nzira yekuenzanisira, 114 varwere veCCIDID-19 vakapinzwa muchipatara chekugara muWuhan, Hubei Province muna Kukadzi 2020 vakashandiswa sezvinhu zvekutsvagisa.Kubatanidza maitiro: 18-65 makore;yakasimbisa hutachiona hweCCIDID-19 uye yakarongedzerwa senyaya dzakapfava kana pakati nepakati zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwenyika uye nhungamiro yekurapa;akabvuma kutora chikamu muchidzidzo.Maitiro ekusiya: kukanganisa kwekuziva kana chirwere chepfungwa kana chepfungwa;kusaona zvakanaka, kunzwa kana mutauro.
Tichifunga nezveiyo COVID-19 yekuzviparadzanisa mirau, ongororo yakaitwa muchimiro chegwaro remibvunzo yemagetsi, uye ongororo ine musoro yakamiswa kuti ivandudze huchokwadi hwebvunzo.Muchidzidzo ichi, ongororo yepasaiti yevarwere veCCIDID-19 vakapinzwa muchipatara chekugara yakaitwa, uye vaongorori vakanyatsoongorora varwere maererano nekubatanidzwa uye kusabvisa maitiro.Vatsvakurudzi vanorayira varwere kuti vapedze mibvunzo mumutauro wakabatana.Varwere vanozadza gwaro remibvunzo vasingazivikanwe nekutarisa QR kodhi.
Iyo yakazvigadzira yega yeruzivo ruzivo rwemibvunzo inosanganisira murume kana mukadzi, zera, chimiro chewanano, nhamba yevana, nzvimbo yekugara, nhanho yedzidzo, chinzvimbo chebasa uye mari yemhuri yepamwedzi, pamwe nenguva kubva pakatanga COVID-19, pamwe nehama. neshamwari dzakatapukirwa.
Chirwere Chekusaziva Chikero chakatanga kugadzirwa naProfessor Mishel muna 1981, uye chakagadziridzwa nechikwata chaYe Zengjie kuti vagadzire shanduro yeChinese yeMUIS (Ye et al., 2018).Inosanganisira zviyero zvitatu zvekusava nechokwadi uye huwandu hwezvinhu zve20: kusanzwisisika (8 zvinhu).), kushaikwa kwekujekesa (7 zvinhu) uye zvisingatarisirwi (5 zvinhu), izvo 4 zvinhu zviri reverse scoring zvinhu.Zvinhu izvi zvinopihwa pachikero cheLikert 5-point, apo 1=isingabvumirani zvakasimba, 5=inobvumirana zvakasimba, uye huwandu hwezvibodzwa huri 20-100;iyo yakakwira zvibodzwa, zvakanyanya kusava nechokwadi.Zvibodzwa zvakakamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu: yakaderera (20-46.6), yepakati (46.7-73.3) uye yakakwirira (73.3-100).Iyo Cronbach's α yeChinese MUIS ndeye 0.825, uye iyo Cronbach's α ye dimension imwe neimwe i0.807-0.864.
Vatori vechikamu vakaudzwa nezvechinangwa chekudzidza, uye kubvumirwa kweruzivo kwakawanikwa pakutsvaga vatori vechikamu.Vakabva vatanga kuzadza nekuzvidira nekuendesa mibvunzo online.
Shandisa SPSS 16.0 kumisikidza dhatabhesi uye kupinza data yekuongorora.Nhamba yekuverenga inoratidzirwa sezana uye inoongororwa ne-chi-square test;iyo data yekuyera inoenderana neyakajairwa kugoverwa inoratidzirwa seyainoreva ± yakajairwa kutsauka, uye t bvunzo inoshandiswa kuongorora zvinhu zvinokanganisa kusavimbika kwemamiriro emurwere weCCIDID-19 nekushandisa akawanda nhanho kudzora.Kana p <.05, musiyano unokosha.
Huwandu hwemibvunzo ye114 yakagoverwa muchidzidzo ichi, uye iyo inoshanda yekudzoreredza mwero yaive 100%.Pakati pevarwere 114, 51 vaiva varume uye 63 vaiva vanhukadzi;vaiva 45.11 ± 11.43 makore.Avhareji yenhamba yemazuva kubva pakatanga COVID-19 yaive 27.69 ± 10.31 mazuva.Vazhinji vevarwere vaive vakaroora, huwandu hwemakesi makumi mapfumbamwe nematatu (81.7%).Pakati pavo, vakaroora vakaonekwa vaine COVID-19 vakaverengera 28.1%, vana vakaverengera 12.3%, vabereki vakaverengera 28.1%, uye shamwari dzakaita 39.5%.75.4% yevarwere veCCIDID-19 vanonyanya kunetsekana kuti chirwere ichi chichabata nhengo dzemhuri dzavo;70.2% yevarwere vari kunetseka nezve sequelae yechirwere;54.4% yevarwere vari kunetseka kuti mamiriro avo achawedzera uye achakanganisa hupenyu hwavo hwemazuva ose;32.5% yevarwere vari kunetseka kuti chirwere chichavakanganisa Basa;21.2% yevarwere vanonetsekana kuti chirwere ichi chichakanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwehupfumi hwemhuri dzavo.
Iyo yakazara MUIS mamakisi evarwere veCCIDID-19 i52.2 ± 12.5, zvichiratidza kuti kusagadzikana kwechirwere kuri pamwero wepakati (Tafura 1).Takaronga zvibodzwa zvechimwe nechimwe chechirwere chemurwere uye takaona kuti chinhu chine mucherechedzo wepamusoro chaive "Handigone kufanotaura kuti chirwere changu (kurapa) chichagara kwenguva yakareba sei" (Tafura 2).
Iyo general demographic data yevatori vechikamu yakashandiswa semutsindo weboka kuenzanisa kusavimbika kwechirwere chevarwere veCOVID-19.Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti hutano, mari yemhuri pamwedzi uye nguva yekutanga (t = -3.130, 2.276, -2.162, p <.05) yakanga yakakosha (Table 3).
Kutora chikamu cheMUIS chakazara sechinhu chinotsamira, uye kushandisa zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha (zvechikadzi, mari yemhuri pamwedzi, nguva yekutanga) mukuongorora kusingaenzaniswi uye kuongororwa kwekubatanidza sezvimiro zvakazvimiririra, ongororo yakapetwa nhanho yakaitwa.Iwo machinjiro anozopedzisira apinda muregression equation ndeye murume kana mukadzi, mari yemhuri pamwedzi uye nguva yekutanga kweCCIDID-19, izvo zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa zvinotsamira zvakasiyana (Tafura 4).
Mhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichi inoratidza kuti huwandu hwese hweMUIS hwevarwere veCCIDID-19 i52.2 ± 12.5, zvichiratidza kuti kusagadzikana kwechirwere kuri pakati nepakati, izvo zvinoenderana nechirwere chekusavimbika kutsvaga kwezvirwere zvakasiyana seCOPD, congenital moyo. chirwere, uye chirwere cheropa.Pressure dialysis, fivha isingazivikanwe kwakabva kumba nekune dzimwe nyika (Hoth et al., 2015; Li et al., 2018; Lyu et al., 2019; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018; Yang et al., 2015).Zvichienderana nechirwere cheMishel's kusava nechokwadi dzidziso (Mishel, 2018; Zhang, 2017), kujairana uye kuenderana kweCCIDID-19 zviitiko zviri padanho rakaderera, nekuti ihosha nyowani, isingazivikanwe uye inotapukira zvakanyanya, izvo zvinogona Kusagadzikana kunotungamira chirwere chepamusoro.Zvisinei, migumisiro yeongororo haina kuratidza migumisiro inotarisirwa.Zvikonzero zvinokwanisika ndezvizvi zvinotevera: (a) Kusimba kwezviratidzo ndicho chinhu chikuru chekusagadzikana kwechirwere (Mishel et al., 2018).Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekubvumidzwa ezvipatara zvekugara, varwere vese varwere vakapfava.Naizvozvo, chirwere chekusavimbika mamakisi hachina kusvika padanho repamusoro;(b) rubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu ndiyo inonyanya kufanotaura nezvechirwere chekusava nechokwadi.Nerutsigiro rwemhinduro yenyika kuCCIDID-19, varwere vanogona kugamuchirwa muzvipatara zvekugara munguva mushure mekuongororwa, uye vanowana kurapwa kwehunyanzvi kubva kuzvikwata zvekurapa kubva kumapurovhinzi ese nemaguta munyika yose.Mukuwedzera, mari yekurapa inotakurwa nehurumende, kuitira kuti varwere varege kunetseka, uye kune imwe nzvimbo, kusava nechokwadi kwemamiriro evarwere ava kunoderedzwa;(C).Chipatara chenhare chekugara chakaunganidza huwandu hukuru hwevarwere veCCIDID-19 vane zviratidzo zvinyoro.Kudyidzana pakati pavo kwakasimbisa chivimbo chavo mukukunda chirwere ichi.Mhepo inoshingaira inobatsira varwere kudzivisa kutya, kuzvidya mwoyo, kuora mwoyo uye mamwe manzwiro asina kunaka anokonzerwa nekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye kune imwe nhanho inoderedza kusava nechokwadi kwemurwere pamusoro pechirwere (Parker et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2018).
Chinhu chine chibodzwa chepamusoro ndechekuti "Handigone kufanotaura kuti chirwere changu (chirapa) chichagara kwenguva yakareba sei", inova 3.52±1.09.Kune rimwe divi, nekuti COVID-19 chirwere chitsva chinotapukira, varwere vanoziva chero chinhu nezvazvo;kune rumwe rutivi, chirwere chechirwere chakareba.Muchidzidzo ichi, nyaya dze69 dzakatanga kwemazuva anopfuura makumi maviri nemasere, zvichitora 60.53% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevakapindura.Avhareji urefu hwekugara kwevarwere zana negumi nemana muchipatara chekugara nhare yaive (13.07±5.84) mazuva.Pakati pavo, vanhu makumi matatu nevapfumbamwe vakagara kweanopfuura mavhiki maviri (kupfuura mazuva gumi nemana), vachiverengera 34.21% yehuwandu.Naizvozvo, murwere akapa chibodzwa chepamusoro kune chinhu.
Chinhu chechipiri chechipiri "Handina chokwadi kana chirwere changu chakanaka kana chakaipa" chine chikamu che 3.20 ± 1.21.COVID-19 chirwere chitsva, chisingazivikanwe, uye chinopararira zvakanyanya.Kuitika, kukura uye kurapwa kwechirwere ichi kuchiri kuongororwa.Murwere haazive kuti ichakura sei uye kuti inorapwa sei, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti chibodzwa chepamusoro chechinhu chacho.
Wechitatu pachinzvimbo "Ndine mibvunzo yakawanda isina mhinduro" yakawana 3.04±1.23.Mukutarisana nezvirwere zvisingazivikanwe, vashandi vekurapa vanogara vachiongorora nekugadzirisa manzwisisiro avo ezvirwere uye kuongororwa uye zvirongwa zvekurapa.Naizvozvo, mimwe mibvunzo ine chekuita nechirwere inomutswa nevarwere inogona kunge isina kupindurwa zvizere.Sezvo chiyero chevashandi vekurapa muzvipatara zvenharembozha chinowanzo chengetwa mukati me6: 1 uye mana-shift system inoitwa, mushandi wega wega wekurapa anofanirwa kutarisira varwere vazhinji.Mukuwedzera, mukuita kwekutaurirana nevashandi vezvokurapa vakapfeka zvipfeko zvekudzivirira, panogona kuva nehuwandu hwemashoko attenuation.Kunyangwe murwere akapihwa mirairo uye tsananguro dzine chekuita nekurapwa kwechirwere zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, mimwe mibvunzo yakasarudzika ingave isina kupindurwa zvizere.
Pakutanga kwedambudziko rehutano repasi rose, pakanga paine misiyano muruzivo nezve COVID-19 yakagamuchirwa nevashandi vehutano, vashandi venharaunda, uye ruzhinji.Vashandi vezvokurapa uye vashandi vomunharaunda vanogona kuwana ruzivo rwepamusoro uye ruzivo rwekudzivirira denda kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudzidzisa.Veruzhinji vaona ruzivo rwakawanda rwakashata nezveCCIDID-19 kuburikidza nevezvenhau, senge ruzivo rwune chekuita nekudzikiswa kwekupihwa kwemidziyo yekurapa, izvo zvawedzera kushushikana kwevarwere uye kurwara.Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoratidza kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwekuwedzera kuvharwa kweruzivo rwehutano hwakavimbika, nekuti ruzivo rwunotsausa runogona kutadzisa vehutano kudzora denda (Tran et al., 2020).Kugutsikana kwakanyanya neruzivo rwehutano kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekudzika kwepfungwa, kurwara, uye kufunganya kana kuora mwoyo zvibodzwa (Le, Dang, etc., 2020).
Mhedzisiro yetsvakiridzo yazvino pavarwere veCCIDID-19 inoratidza kuti varwere vechikadzi vane huwandu hwepamusoro hwekusagadzikana kwechirwere kupfuura varwere vechirume.Mishel akataura kuti seyakanyanya kusiyanisa dzidziso, kugona kwemunhu kunokanganisa maonero ezvirwere zvine chekuita nechirwere.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kune misiyano yakakura mukugona kwekuziva kwevarume nevakadzi (Hyde, 2014).Vakadzi vari nani pakunzwa uye kufunga kwakadzikama, nepo varume vachifarira kufunga kwakajeka kwekuongorora, izvo zvinogona kusimudzira kunzwisisa kwevarwere vechirume nezvekukurudzira, nekudaro vachideredza kusava nechokwadi kwavo nezvechirwere.Varume nevakadzi vanosiyanawo mumhando uye kushanda kwemanzwiro.Vakadzi vanosarudza manzwiro uye kudzivirira maitiro ekugadzirisa, asi varume vanowanzoshandisa kugadzirisa matambudziko uye mazano akanaka ekufunga kugadzirisa zviitiko zvakashata zvepfungwa (Schmitt et al., 2017).Izvi zvinoratidzawo kuti vashandi vezvokurapa vanofanira kutungamirira varwere zvakakodzera kuti vavabatsire kuchengetedza kusarerekera pavanenge vachinyatsoongorora uye vachinzwisisa kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere chacho pachako.
Varwere vane mari yepamba yepamwedzi inopfuura kana yakaenzana neRMB zviuru gumi vane yakaderera zvakanyanya MUIS mamaki.Kuwana uku kunopindirana nezvimwe zvidzidzo (Li et al., 2019; Ni et al., 2018), izvo zvakaratidza kuti mari yakaderera pamwedzi yemhuri inzira yakanaka yekusagadzikana kwechirwere chevarwere.Chikonzero chiri kukonzera fungidziro iyi ndechekuti varwere vane mari shoma yemhuri vane mashoma emagariro uye nzira shoma dzekuwana ruzivo rwechirwere.Pamusana pebasa risina kugadzikana uye mari yezvemari, vanowanzova nemutoro wemhuri unorema.Nokudaro, kana takatarisana nechirwere chisingazivikanwi uye chakakomba, boka iri revarwere rinonyanya kusava nechokwadi uye kunetseka, nokudaro richiratidza chirwere chepamusoro chekusava nechokwadi.
Iyo nguva yakareba iyo chirwere ichitora, inodzika yemurwere pfungwa yekusagadzikana (Mishel, 2018).Mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa inoratidza izvi (Tian et al., 2014), vachiti kuwedzera kwechirwere chisingaperi chekuongororwa, kurapwa, uye kuchipatara kunobatsira varwere kuziva uye kujairana neChirwere-zviitiko.Zvakadaro, mhedzisiro yeongororo iyi inoratidza gakava rinopesana.Kunyanya, chirwere chekushaya chokwadi chenyaya dzapfuura mazuva makumi maviri nemasere kana kupfuura kubva pakatanga COVID-19 chawedzera zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoenderana naLi (Li et al., 2018) mukudzidza kwake kwevarwere vane fivha isingazivikanwe.Chigumisiro chinopindirana nechikonzero.Kuitika, kukura uye kurapwa kwezvirwere zvisingaperi zviri pachena.Sechirwere chitsva uye chisingatarisirwe chinotapukira, COVID-19 ichiri kuongororwa.Nzira yekurapa chirwere ndeyekufamba mumvura isingazivikanwi, panguva iyo dzimwe njodzi dzakangoerekana dzaitika.Zviitiko, sevarwere vakadzokera shure mushure mekuburitswa muchipatara panguva yehutachiona.Nekuda kwekusava nechokwadi kwekuongororwa, kurapwa uye kunzwisisa kwesainzi kwechirwere, kunyangwe kutanga kweCCIDID-19 kwakarebesa, varwere vane COVID-19 havasati vanyatso ziva nezve budiriro uye kurapwa kwechirwere.Mukutarisana nekusavimbika, nguva yakareba kutanga kweCCIDID-19, kunyanyo shushikana murwere nezve kurapwa kwechirwere, kusimba kwekusavimbika kwemurwere nezve hunhu hwechirwere, uye kunowedzera kusagadzikana kwechirwere. .
Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti varwere vane maitiro ari pamusoro apa vanofanira kunge vane chirwere-chepamusoro, uye chinangwa chekupindira kwechirwere ndechekutsvaga nzira yekutarisira kuderedza zvirwere.Inosanganisira dzidzo yehutano, rubatsiro rwemashoko, maitiro ekurapa, uye cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).Kune varwere veCCIDID-19, kurapa kwemaitiro kunogona kuvabatsira kushandisa nzira dzekuzorora kurwisa kusagadzikana uye kudzivirira episodhi yekushungurudzika nekushandura hurongwa hwezviitiko zvezuva nezuva.CBT inogona kuderedza maradaptive kugadzirisa maitiro, zvakadai sokudzivisa, kunetsana uye kuzvipa mhosva.Kuvandudza kugona kwavo kubata kushushikana (Ho et al., 2020).Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (I-CBT) kupindira kunogona kubatsira varwere vane hutachiona uye vanowana rubatsiro mumawadhi ega, pamwe nevarwere vari vega pamba uye vasina mukana kune nyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa (Ho et al., 2020; Soh et. al., 2020; Zhang & Ho, 2017).
Iwo maMUIS akawanda evarwere veCCIDID-19 muzvipatara zvekugara anoratidza dhigirii repakati rechirwere kusagadzikana.Uyo ane zvibodzwa zvepamusoro muzvikamu zvitatu haafungidzike.Zvakaonekwa kuti kusavimbika kwechirwere ichi kwakabatana nenguva kubva pakatanga COVID-19, uye yakabatana zvisina kunaka nemari yemumba yepamwedzi yemurwere.Vanhurume vane zvibodzwa zviri pasi pevakadzi.Yeuchidza vashandi vezvokurapa kuti vatarise zvakanyanya kuvarwere vechikadzi, varwere vane mari yakaderera yemhuri pamwedzi uye kwenguva refu yehurwere, tora matanho ekupindira kuti vaderedze kusava nechokwadi kwevarwere nezvemamiriro avo, kutungamira varwere kusimbisa zvavanotenda, kutarisana nechirwere ichi mafungiro akanaka, shandira pamwe nekurapa, uye kuvandudza kutevedzera kurapwa Bonde.
Sechidzidzo chipi nechipi, chidzidzo ichi chine zvimwe zvinogumira.Muchidzidzo ichi, chikero chega chega chakashandiswa kuferefeta kusavimbika kwechirwere chevarwere veCCIDID-19 vanorapwa muzvipatara zvekugara.Kune misiyano yetsika mukudzivirira uye kutonga kwedenda munzvimbo dzakasiyana (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała, et al., 2020), izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kumiririrwa kwemasamples uye nekusarudzika kwemhedzisiro.Rimwe dambudziko nderekuti nekuda kwechimiro chemuchinjiro-chikamu chekudzidza, chidzidzo ichi hachina kuita zvimwe zvidzidzo pamusoro pekuchinja kwakasimba kwekusava nechokwadi kwechirwere uye mhedzisiro yayo yenguva refu kune varwere.Chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti pakanga pasina shanduko yakakosha yenguva refu mumazinga ekushushikana, kunetseka uye kuora mwoyo muhuwandu hwevanhu mushure memavhiki e4 (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020b).Imwezve longitudinal dhizaini inodiwa kuongorora matanho akasiyana echirwere uye maitiro ayo kune varwere.
Akapa zvakakosha kune iyo pfungwa uye dhizaini, kana kutora data, kana kuongorora uye kududzira data;DL, CL yakatora chikamu mukunyora zvinyorwa kana kudzokorora zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveruzivo rwakakosha;DL, CL, DS pakupedzisira yakabvumidza iyo vhezheni kuti iburitswe.Munyori wega wega anofanirwa kutora chikamu zvizere mubasa uye kutora mutoro weruzhinji kune chikamu chakakodzera chemukati;DL, CL, DS inobvumirana kuva nemhosva yezvikamu zvose zvebasa kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti nyaya dzine chokuita nekururama kana kukwana kwechimwe chikamu chebasa dzinonyatsoongororwa uye Kugadzirisa;DS
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Nguva yekutumira: Jul-16-2021